Innovative conservation initiatives like butterfly sanctuaries have increasingly become promising models to reverse the ongoing existential threats posed by biodiversity loss and achieve sustainable tourism development. This literature review provides a comprehensive exploration of butterfly sanctuaries as effective environmental strategies of saving at-threatening lepidopteran species and conserving them and opportunities for economically viable ecotourism venture. The synthesis of primary data obtained from multiple sources, including global case studies, policy provisions, and empirical research in the past two decades contributed to the evidence promoted by this literature review. According to the review findings, butterfly sanctuaries offer successful strategies in conserving biodiversity through habitat restoration, community inclusion, scientific monitoring, and visitor education and generate economic benefits for the destination community.

The review looks at notable examples, such as the recently established Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary in Kerala's Kannur district, India, the Monteverde Butterfly Gardens in Costa Rica, and other Asian and African projects. According to analysis, butterfly sanctuaries create sustainable livelihood opportunities through ecotourism, promote in-situ conservation of native flora and fauna, and act as educational platforms for environmental awareness. But issues like the effects of climate change, financial limitations, and the complexity of visitor management call for flexible management techniques and strong legislative backing. The review comes to the conclusion that butterfly sanctuaries are effective models for balancing conservation objectives with aspirations for community development when they are planned and run-in accordance with best practices.