Aflatoxin contamination in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major constraint affecting crop productivity, quality and marketability, particularly under tropical conditions. The problem is closely associated with agronomic practices, environmental stress and soil–plant–microbe interactions. Groundnut is highly vulnerable due to its geocarpic nature, which exposes pods to soil-borne fungal inoculum. Agronomic factors such as irrigation management, nutrient balance, soil conditions and crop protection play a crucial role in determining contamination levels. Recent research highlights that improved crop management practices, including timely irrigation, balanced fertilization, and biological interventions, can significantly reduce aflatoxin incidence. This review emphasizes agronomic approaches for managing aflatoxin contamination in groundnut, integrating physiological, environmental and microbial perspectives for sustainable production. An evidence-based synthesis of agronomic practices is presented to support integrated management strategies.