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VOL. 5, ISSUE 1 (2023)
Ecological and human health vulnerability of heavy metals from soku creek sediment
Authors
Dokubo A, Ideriah T K J, Akani G C, Christopher B O
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine some heavy metal concentration, sediment quality, ecological and human health risks in surface sediments from five (5) stations in Soku Creek label as SES1, SES2, SES3, SES4 and SES5. Four (4) different types of indices were employed for the evaluation of sediment quality which include Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI)). Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) was assessed by the toxicity and combined effects of heavy metals studied. Toxicological models provided by USEPA was used for vulnerability assessment on human health via dermal contact. The results showed that the variation in total mean concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment of Soku Creek follows the order: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Co>Cr>V>Pb>Cd. Concentration of all the heavy metals detected were far above the permissible limits except for Cd (0.01 ± 0.003) mg/kg which concentration falls below the set limits of 0.04mg/kg. Based on the values obtained for Igeo, the sediments samples showed no contamination for Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr in all the Sediments, extremely contaminated with Pb in SES 3 and SES4, Fe in all sediments (SES1-SES5)., Moderately to strongly contaminated for Ni in SES1, V in SES1 and SES3. Co-in SES1, SES2 and SES5. Enrichment factor showed no enrichment to minor enrichment for Ni, Mn, Fe, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, V and Co. Moderate enrichment for Pb was recorded in SES3 and SES4. Contamination factor showed low degree of contamination in all the sediments to considerable degree of contamination of Pb in SES 3 and SES4. PLI indicated no pollution for heavy metal in all the sediment sample. The ecological risk indicated low ecological risk for all the heavy metals under investigation. Human health risk indicated that hazard index (HI)values for the heavy metals were<1in all stations and no potential noncarcinogenic risk for adults. The excess carcinogenic risk (ECR) is 0.017 times higher than the USEPA acceptable range in SES1. From the study it can be concluded that there was progressive deterioration of the sediment quality with a potential negative effect. Periodic and regular monitoring becomes necessary to avert changes in the qualities of the sediments of the area and impending dangers on human health, and other benthic organisms.
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Pages:15-21
How to cite this article:
Dokubo A, Ideriah T K J, Akani G C, Christopher B O "Ecological and human health vulnerability of heavy metals from soku creek sediment". International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Vol 5, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 15-21
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