The present study revelas that the Vasantham Garden, Bishop Heber College, Trichy, habitats were found to be the most suitable one for highly potential habitat for population dynamics of butterfly population and diversity throughout the study period. The different varieties of flowering plants, fruiting trees provide a wide range of nutrient-rich nectar, pollen, and palatable food plants to foliage-feeding, other leaves availability and the garden climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind velocity were the major and suitable factors throughout the year had influence on the distribution and diversity of population. In the Vasantham Garden among the 22,470 individuals observed, most of the members belong to the family Nymphalidae and was the most highly distributed family with a total number of 11,102 individuals. This was followed by Pieridae with 7,535 individuals, Papilionidae with 2,321 individuals, Lycaenidae with 1,249 individuals and Hesperiidae with only 263 individuals, respectively. The percentage contribution of the family Hesperiidae was 1.17%, Papilionidae was 10.33%, the contribution of Pieridae was 33.53%, the contribution of Lycaenidae was 5.56% and the contribution of Nymphalidae was 49.41% respectively. This study reveals the relationship between host plants and butterfly species richness and population density. The present study on butterflies emphasizes the role of variety of host plants, associated with various environmental factors on species richness of butterflies.